Chemistry Energy Levels Essay Example for Free

Chemistry Energy Levels Essay The energy of the subshell increases as follows:4slt;4plt;4dlt;4f * â€Å"4s† has the greatest probability of being close to the nucleus * Subshells are limited to # of electrons they can hold ( 2 electrons per orbital) s=21s orbital d=105d orbital p=63p orbitals f=147f orbitals Assessment * How many p subshells are in the 4th energy level (n=4)? 34px 4py 4pz * What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4p subshell? each p subshell can hold 2 electrons and therefore there are 3p orbitals with 2 electrons * What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th energy 322n2=2(4)2 =2(16) =32 Creating Energy Level Diagrams * Used to show the relative energies of electrons in various orbitals under normal conditions * Each orbital is indicated by a separate circle/square * All orbitals of a given subshell have the same energy. Ie. The 3p orbitals in the 3p sublevels have the same energy * The spacing between successive subshells decreases as the number of subshells increases overlapping of shells having different values of n. Assessment 1. How many d orbitals exist? 5 2. How many electrons can exist in the 3d orbitals? 10-2 in each of the 5d orbitals 3. How many electrons can exist in the n=2 level? 8-remember 2n2=2(2)2=8 4. How many electrons can one 4f orbital hold? 14-2 in each of the 7f orbitals 5. Which has a higher energy a px, py, or pz orbital? They all have the same energy. 6. Which electron can be found furthest from the nucleus:2s or 3s? 3s electrons 7. Which electrons can be found furthest from the nucleus:2s or 2p. 2p is further. Fig. 3. 19 Arrow Orbital Notation Aka Orbital Diagrams * Use circles or squares for the orbitals and arrows for the electrons * RULES: * The Aufbau Principal- electrons will occupy lowest available energy level * Pauli Exclusion Principal- no two electrons have the same quantum numbers * Hund’s Rule – electrons remain unpaired for as long as possible. Ex: One electrons goes in each Px, Py, Pz, before they start to pair up Fig 3. 21 Electron Configuration Provides the same information as an energy level diagram but in a more concise format. * Li: 1s2 2s1 C:1s2 2s2 2p2 * Ne: 1s2 2s2 2p? Use the following concept map to help to determine the filling order of the orbitals: * The similarity among elements within groups and the structure of the periodic table can be explained by electron configuration * Li: 1s2 2s1 * Na: 1s2 2s2 2p? 3s1 Short Hand Notation -Use symbol of noble gas with the same core electron configuration: Ex. Na [1s2 2s2 2p? ]3s1 Or [Ne] 3s1 Some unexpected Electron Configuration * Example: Cru and Cu Expected Actual Cr: [Ar] 4s2 3d? [Ar] 4s1 3d? Cu: [Ar] 4s2 3d? [Ar] 4s1 3d10 In each case, an electron is borrowed from the 4s subshell and placed in the 3d subshell. * Cr-3d subshell becomes half-filled * Cu-3d subshell becomes full * Half-filled and fully filled subshells tend to be more stable * Other expectations: Ag: [Kr] 4s2 3d10 Au: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Explaining Ion Charges * Remember s electrons are lost before d electrons when dealing with transition metals. Ex1. Zn Zn: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 Zn2+: [Ar] 3d10 (4s electrons are lost so that the 3d orbital remains full) Ex2. Pb Pb: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2 Pb2+: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6p2 (The 6s electrons are lost) Pb4+: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 (The 6p electrons are lost as well as the 6s electrons) Quantum Numbers * Electron waves (orbitals) can be characterized by a set quantum numbers, n, l, ml, ms Principle quantum number (n): * Identifies the energy of an electron in an orbital * All orbitals that have the same value of n are said to be in the same shell * Range from n=1 to n=infinity * Determines the size of the electron wave how far the wave extends from the nucleus * As n increases the energies of the orbitals also increase Secondary quantum number (l): Divides the shells into smaller groups called subshells * n determines the values of l * for any given n, l may range from l=0 to l=n-1 * identifies the shape of the orbital Value of l| 0| 1| 2| 3| Letter designation| s(shape)| p(principle)| d(diffuse)| f(fundamental)| Magnetic quantum number (ml): * splits the subshells into individual orbits * identifies the orientation of the orbital * for any given value of l, ml has a value ranging from +l to –l * e. g. If l=0, ml=0; for l=1, ml=+1, 0, -1 which correspond to the x, y and z orientations of the p orbitals.

The effects of child labor in India

The effects of child labor in India Child labor has been a constant menace plaguing Indian society for centuries. As the Indian economy develops at a dramatic pace to become one of the worlds future economic superpowers, it is becoming extremely important to protect the future generation of this country, which are undoubtedly the children. Child labor holds a disgusting picture in todays India. India tops the list in the world of having the highest number of child laborers, under the age of 14, of about 100-150 million out of which at least 44 million are engaged in hazardous jobs (Larson, 2004). Even though the Indian Constitution prohibits children younger than 14 to be employed in any occupation or hazardous environment, child labor exists in this country (Ram, 2009). They often work for long hours in hazardous and unhygienic environment and receive meager pay (Forastieri, 2002). These young children deserve to be educated and benefit from their childhood rather than work at early age and face abuse. The Indian gove rnment should enforce their law of prohibiting child labor to eliminate this problem. It is extremely important to tackle this menace if childrens rights are to be protected and a vibrant, mentally strong and educated youth is to be ensured for the future. To begin with, child labor is a gross violation of human rights. Firstly, it violates the constitutional law of India (Ram, 2009). Secondly, it also violates the UNICEFS 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child whose article 32 include[s] the childs right to freedom from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the childs education, or to be harmful to the childs health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development (UNICEF, 2001, p. 6). Moreover, the International Labour Organisation (ILO)s Convention number 182 also aims at eliminating child labor (Fyfe, 2007). Due to the lack of enforcement of law by the Indian government, the 100 to 150 million children are not getting the national and universal human rights they are entitled to. When the thought of childhood comes to our mind, images like children playing and running around in school uniforms emerge. However for child laborers in India, its images of factory smoke, wounded fingers, and abuse that emerge. These children work for long hours inhaling smoke, working with dangerous machines, and facing abusive employers. The labor market in which these children work, the [labor] supply exceeds demand, and, therefore, they lack bargaining power with the balance always tilted in favor of the employers leading to exploitation (Mishra, 2000, p. 56). Also, since children are more vulnerable compared to adults and in weaker positions to negotiate, they face further mistreatment, abuse and get paid less. Some are even abducted, sold into labor and are forced into servitude with no hope of getting out (Schmitz, Traver, Larson, 2004). When children start working at such a young age and undergo through the above mentioned abuses and economic exploitation, it negatively affects their emotional and physical capabilities (Larson, 2004). In one case, a 10 year-old girl named Mina had her fingers almost worn to the bone because of working many hours rolling cigarettes for a beedi (rolled cigarettes) company (Larson, 2004). In the same beedi industry, another girl narrated that her work was not only hard but it was also painful for her to sit and continue for hours without any break to achieve her target of 3000 beedis per day, for a meager wage of 3 rupees per day. Surprisingly, an adult can hardly make 2500 beedis in the same time (Mishra, 2000). In Child Labour in India, Mishra (2000) mentioned a disheartening case of a 12-year old boy in a matchbox factory. The boy complained that his employer would beat him for minor mistakes and insult his parents in a filthy language which would cause him a lot of pain since it was no fault of theirs. He also said: My employer used to put a match box on my neck in order to bend it down sufficiently to concentrate on the work. This prevented me from raising and turning my head on either side. I was beaten several times by him for having raised and turned my head. The turning of my head was very well indicated by the fall of the match box from my neck. Sometimes he beats me with the help of a wire in an unkind manner. (p. 71) Companies find it profitable to use child labor because it helps them produce at lower costs and the innocent children can be trained to do dangerous work under unsafe and unsatisfactory conditions. Many children in India who are child laborers work in industries such as glass-blowing, matchsticks, fireworks and also the carpet-making industry (Larson, 2004). An example of the terrible working conditions can be seen in the fireworks industry. Factories labeled as D grade are legally binded not to employ more than 22 people in their factory. However, many of such factories employ around 20 to 150 people, including children! The D graded match box factories are legally allowed to produce at most 80 units of matchboxes but they produce upto 100 to 300 units (Mishra, 2000). These firms are breaking legal rules and the Indian government should step in to enforce their laws. Poverty-stricken parents in India who borrow loans often give their children to their debtor so that he can exploit the children by making them work and help in paying off the debt. The meager pay these children receive is not enough to cover up the amount of money to be repaid for the loan. In addition to this, the interest on the loan keeps increasing, which increases the repayment amount, and then the working child takes many years to pay off the debt (Larson, 2004). It is often pointed out that child labor helps pull people out of poverty by offering a source of income and survival for a poor family (Larson, 2004). However, this income comes at a huge cost as they are abused for work which affects their present and future life. An example can be seen above in the way children are abused as collateral for loans. The constant abuse child laborers have to go through in exchange for a small amount of income makes their life not worth living.It does not make much of a difference whether the child is earning money while working in a hazardous job or not, since every type of work involves a degree of stress. Hazardous work cripples the health, psyche, and personality of a child, and non-hazardous work causes forms of deprivation such as denial of access to education and denial of the pleasurable activities associated with childhood (Mishra, 2000, p. 14). Therefore, the child laborer who is working at a young age to earn some amount of income for his fa mily also does not get educated, which makes him unfit to grow up and get a well paid, decent job in the future. Child labor can even start a cycle as an uneducated illiterate parent will also start sending his young child to work as a child laborer, who in turn will also grow up uneducated, and use his child also as a source of income. Therefore, the Indian government should make an effort to enforce their child labor law in order to save these children, break this vicious cycle and protect its future generations. Having a formal education is the birth right of every child in this world. But child labor has stolen this right from these 44 million children. These children in India who are involved in child labor are not able to have time to go to school due to the intense and long working hours. According to the International Labour Organizations report, Child labour leads to reduced primary school enrolment and negatively affects literacy rates among youth (ILO, 2008). The report also found strong evidence that in a situation where school and work was combined, school attendance falls as the number of hours at work increases (ILO, 2008). This goes on to prove that working children in India involved in labor struggle to attend school due to their harsh and exploitive working hours which causes them continuous fatigue. As India has the highest level of child labor in the world, it is due to this reason that Indias rank in the Education Development Index (EDI) is a disappointing 102nd out of the 129 countries in the index (UNESCO, 2009). The EDI measures a countrys performance on universal primary education. High level of child labor in a country is often related with its low and unsatisfactory performance on the index (ILO, 2008). The Indian government should start enforcing their law against child labor so that these children can go to school easily. A working child also often gets deprived of having a bright and lively childhood due to lack of leisure activities. In a research conducted by Dr. D.V.P Raja, Founder and Director of the Madurai Institute of Social Sciences in India, more than 90% of the working children who were interviewed stated that they do not have enough leisure to play and engage in other recreational activities. This startling finding signifies that these children spend virtually all their waking hours working and are thereby totally denied any of the excitement and pleasures of childhood (Mishra, 2000, p. 48). The interviewees also stated that while at work, they did not acquire or learn any new skills. This goes on to say that the impact of child labor on the development and creative side of the child is quite disturbing. These children do not find their work enjoyable but rather than that they find it difficult and boring; but, however, they still continue to stick with these jobs because they dont have a choice nor do they find any other suitable alternative for them (Mishra, 2000). The government of India should now wake up and save these children before more of them become victims of a lost childhood. The problem of child labor has done enough damage to the lives and health of many innocent children in India over centuries by stealing away their many rights. It is now evident that child laborers are heavily losing out on all fronts and are becoming terribly incompetent to live future life as child labor negatively affects their mental, emotional and psychological capabilities .Child labor should be brought to an end now. It is high time that the Indian government starts taking this issue seriously and starts enforcing its own constitutional law against child labor so that Indias present and future generation of young citizens have their rights protected and are able to live their lives healthy and secure.

Changes of Hester Prynne in Hawthornes Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

In Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the reader meets the character Hester Prynne who as the novel progresses, one notices the changes in her character are very dramatic. The changes are both physical and in her mannerism’s. There are many significant events which took place before the start of the novel and during the novel. Some of these events that lead to this dramatic change include the affect of wearing the scarlet letter, the secrets which she keeps, and her daughter Pearl’s evil characteristics. By these events, Hester Prynne’s image is transformed throughout the time of the story. As Hester wears the scarlet letter, the reader can feel how much of an outcast Hester becomes. When walking through town, â€Å"†¦she never raised her head to receive their greeting. If they were resolute to accost her, she laid her finger on the scarlet letter and passed on† (Hawthorne, 127).She believes that she is not worthy of the towns acknowledgments and chooses to ignore them. The guilt that now rests in Hester is overwhelming to her and is a reason of her change in personality. The secrets which Hester keeps are because she is silent and hardly talks to anyone. â€Å"Various critics have interpreted her silence†¦ as both empowering†¦ and disempowering†¦ Yet silence, in Hester’s case, offers a type of passive resistance to male probing† (Elbert, 258). One may refer back to the scene at the beginning when Reverend Wilson is trying to get the name of the other sinner. As Hester refuses, one may see this as a foreshadowing for other events. Hester is a strong woman who would not tell a soul the secrets that interconnect Dimmesdale and Chillingworth. The secrets however begin to take a toll of Hester especially as Chillingworth comes to town and is dying to know who the father of Pearl is. As a living reminder of Hester’s extreme sin, Pearl is her constant companion. From the beginning Pearl has always been considered as an evil child. For Hester to take care of such a demanding child, put lots of stress onto her life. Hester at times was in a state of uncontrollable pressure. â€Å"Gazing at Pearl, Hester Prynne often dropped her work upon her knees, and cried out with an agony which she would fain have hidden, but which made utterance for itself, betwixt speech and a groan, ‘O Father in heaven- if Thou art still my Father- what is this being which I have brought into the world!’† (Hawthorne, 77).

College Costs :: essays research papers

Beyond Sticker Shock - Extracurricular College Costs You've probably already calculated tuition bills and costs for room and board. Yet the hidden costs of college — from pizza to airfare, from library fines to laundry money — can easily add up to another $2,000 per year. To get a handle on those extras, you'll want to put together a monthly budget that estimates your costs. Be sure to include: Books: Book costs vary widely, depending on your courses. Call your bookstore to get early warning of book prices for your various classes. Transportation and travel: If you commute, figure in car insurance, gas and parking fees. Some colleges offer free parking, while others may charge up to $100 for a permit. Don't forget to include the cost of holiday travel. Often you can cut these costs by carpooling or shopping around for special saver or student rates on airfare. General food: Dorm dwellers may have a pre-paid college cafeteria plan, while students living off-campus will pay their food bills on a weekly basis. Either way, it's good to figure out how much you'll spend at the grocery store and in restaurants. Appliances and utilities: Apartment dwellers usually have utility bills: gas, electric, heat and water. On-campus students face different charges: mini-refrigerator rental fees, for example, can range from $35 to $120. To limit phone bills, consider getting a pre-paid phone card with a set amount of calling time to limit long-winded and expensive phone calls. For staying in touch on the cheap, see if your school offers free Internet access and e-mail. Personal supplies: Remember when things like soap, toilet paper, makeup and laundry detergent were just there? It's easy to forget these when you're planning your budget, but they add up. Washing your clothes at a coin laundromat, for example, will run you $1 to $2 per load per week. Fraternity or sorority dues: Charges vary widely, depending on the school and chapter. Budget $30 per month minimum, although $50 fees and more are likely. However, Greek life can have an upside; if you live in a house, the dues sometimes cover extras like laundry, social activities and access to a computer lab. Printing, copy and computer costs: Stock up on printer paper and floppy discs at a discount store before the school year starts (on-campus supply stores often charge many times the going rate). You'll not only save money, you'll avoid last-minute exam week supply crises.

Sex & Violence in the Media Essay -- Essays Papers

Sex & Violence in the Media On February 1, 2004, millions of Americans sat down around their television sets with their family and friends to watch the biggest sports event of the year: Super Bowl XXXVIII. Inside the Reliant Stadium of Houston, Texas, the New England Patriots beat the Carolina Panthers 32-29 in one of the closest games in recent history; but this year it wasn’t the football game or even the commercials that had people talking. It was an incident that occurred during the halftime show that involved pop singers Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake that ended in millions of Americans having the privilege to see the left breast of Janet Jackson for a few moments. This single issue may not have been a huge ordeal in itself, but it brought to surface some very pertinent questions about how far was too far in the media, what the government should do to control it, and what effects sex and violence in the media were having on American culture. The events that took place during the halftime show of the Super Bowl may have shocked and angered many parents for exposing such sexual behavior and nudity to their children, but there were also a great number of people who questioned why people were so upset over a few seconds of screen time that Janet Jackson’s left breast received. After all, it was simply part of the female anatomy. Many people argued that it wasn’t just nudity, that it was â€Å"softcore† pornography because of the sexual conduct that was behind the performance. It is understandable that Jackson and Timberlake’s routine was full of sexual innuendo, but the majority of young children usually don’t pick up on such behavior and thus a simple â€Å"wardrobe malfunction.† Whether the performance during the halftime ... ...ildren, teenagers, and adults in many different ways. While some people were outraged by the Super Bowl incident and others believed it was merely an accident that could have been prevented, the event put to the test some fundamental questions concerning how much power the media should have. Because the FCC is on a rampage right now trying to put an end to these problems, many networks are implementing new features such as the ten second delay, and others are trying to promote the use of V-chips (prevent children from viewing objectionable material) and reminding Americans of the rating system that is on the television. But the fact is, television is free to the public, and the public is watching. As sex and violence increasingly fill our television sets, our minds become more adjusted to such behaviors and we forget to grasp reality and focus on the important things.

Philippine Culture Essay

Culture is a person’s social heritage or the customary ways in which groups organize their ways of behaving, thinking and feeling. It is transmitted from one generation to another through language. It presents people with ways of relating to others to their surroundings. Culture represents the designs or recipes for living, the interrelated network of norms and roles. It encompasses modes of thinking, acting, and feeling found in a society and includes everything an individual has acquired as a member of a society. It tells one what to do, what not to and how to do things (Poethig, 2005). From our culture, we learn to determine what behavior is appropriate and what is inappropriate, what is good and what wrong behavior is, what are allowed and what are prohibited, and even which smells are pleasant and which are not. One of the cultures that this paper investigates is the Philippine Culture. II. Discussion The Filipinos of the last quarter of the twentieth century are the sum total of the social strains and cultural elements that are Aeta, Indonesian, Malaysian, Hindu, Arabian, Chinese, Spanish, Americans; in short, the Filipinos are cosmopolitan in nature. They are both oriental and occidental. The Aeta, Indonesian, Malayan, Hindu, Arabian, and Chinese elements are the foundation of the Filipino’s oriental nature—the core of their moral and social conscience and cultural identity (Carino, 2008). From early trade and commerce and intermarriages between the Filipino ancestors and Chinese and Hindu merchants, as well as the wave of settlements of other Asian neighbors into the country, the oriental side of the Filipino has evolved. Interpersonal and social relationships revolve around â€Å"blood ties,† marriage, and ritual kinship (Carroll, 2002). Spanish and American culture composes the Filipinos’ Occidentalism. Through centuries of colonial rule, the Spanish influence found its way into their religious, political, economic, and educational life, as well as into their language, dress, and diet. In addition, Filipinos are also inclined to status-oriented behavior, shame, debt of gratitude, self-esteem as the desire for smooth interpersonal relations (Carroll, 2002). All of these interweave with one another and add up to an accentuation of authoritarian in the Filipino. Filipinos are also shame-oriented, that is, their major concern is social approval, acceptance by a group, and belonging to a group. Their behavior is generally dependent on what others will think, say, or do. Their desires and ambitions depend on what pleases or displeases others. Being bashful still controls much of the Filipino’s behavior (Poethig, 2005). Moreover, the Family Code of the Philippines defines marriage as a special contract of permanent union between a man and woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. No marriage is valid in Philippine society unless the following requirements are present: the legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a female, and consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer (Carino, 2008). The minimum age for marriage is 18 years but parental consent is necessary for those below 21 years. On one hand, the basic social units of Philippine society are the nuclear family, which includes the father, mother, and children, and the bilaterally extended kinship group, which embraces all relatives of the father and mother. Other important relationships are those of the siblings and the cousins and of the grandparents and grandchildren. The Christian Filipino family has often been described as a large family group, usually including three generations in the same home, which is, â€Å"extended† in terms of membership. Thus, the Filipino family is frequently said to be patriarchal in authority. Furthermore, the national language is Filipino, a formal version of Tagalog, an indigenous language. English is widely used in commerce and education. Most of the people are able to speak English. Only a few are able to speak Spanish (Poethig, 2005). Of the numerous indigenous languages—based mainly on Malayan-Polynesian languages—there are nine major ones. Of these, the most widely spoken are Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon. III. Conclusion As a conclusion, in terms of residence, the Filipino family may be said to be bilocal and neolocal. The residence of the more influential and affluent family is likely to be the place of residence of the newly married couple. Where the girl’s parents are wealthier than the boy’s parents, the couple is likely to choose the residence of the girl. As a rule, Filipinos practice endogamy. One is likely to marry within one’s locality grouping, social class, religion, or nationality grouping. The rationale is that the adjustive process is easier when one marries within one’s group than when one marries outside it since one is already aware of its folkways and mores. Reference: Carino, Isidro (2008). A question of relevance. Philippine Panorama, July 5, 28-30 Carroll, John J. (2002). The focus of national renewal† Grassroots or elite. The Incumbents pf the system? Philippine Sociological Review 20 (4) October 1: 407-411 Poethig, Richard (2005). The Philippine urban family. St. Louis Quarterly 63-64 (September-December): 375-396

Invisible organizations and systems in LEGOLAND® Windsor Resort Essay

Invisible organizations and systems that part of the firm that reflects the rules, regulations, and processes upon which the organization is based. (John E. G. Bateson, K. Douglas Hoffman, 2010, page 11) The main role of LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort is to offer services that afford thrills, fun and experience; however, all customers consume them at the same time. That means they are influenced by each other, next by LEGOLAND ´s contact personnel (Service providers) and the big part of their final experience is being influenced by the servicescape – by all visible factors of Servuction model. In order to achieve the maximal possible satisfaction of customers, LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort uses it ´s invisible organizations and systems that support all previously mentioned factors and allow them to serve the customers and give them ordered services on the appropriate level. The customers consume the services without having to see and know the behind-the-scenes activities. Rides and Attractions – LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort offers over 55 types of rides and attractions which including Miniland, LEGO ® City, Adventure Land, Land of the Vikings, Imagination Centre and other different interactive attractions. – Visitors buy ticket and can to savour a lot of fun, however behind this experience there is maintaining of the attractions which is invisible for visitors, but very important for their security. Visitors cannot see the system used for allocating attractions throughout the park. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/Activities/ Resort Hotel – Visitors can book online one of the 150 rooms which are fully themed with LEGO features from the dragon-guarded entrance through to the brightly colored pirate splash pool and themed bedrooms, too. – The main core of the Resort Hotel is staying overnight which is visible for customers. Although the customers may never see the system assigning rooms or preparing the rooms for a new customer. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/New-for-2013/LEGOLAND-Windsor-Resort-Hotel/ Food and Drinks – Customers can choose place where to eat from 5 Food options and 5 Dining offers, they also can reserve a table or contact the LEGOLAND Windsor Enquiries Team with customers ´ specific dietary. – When the customers make an order, they get a prepared meal but they do not know how the meal was cooked and how the kitchen is supplied with commodities. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/restaurants/ Shopping –9 types of shops are located throughout the park, visitors can experience the ultimate LEGO shopping in the largest retail shop called The Big Shop. With LEGOLAND ´s â€Å"Buy Now, Collect Later† option, customers can explore the LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort and shop to their heart ´s content without having to worry about their items. Shop assistants will keep the items safe until customers are ready to collect them at the end of their day. – Supplementing the shelf of goods, unloading and storing the goods in a warehouse are all invisible for the customers. In some cases the customers will never meet with the supplementing thanks to a â€Å"Buy Now, Collect Later† option. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Explore/Shopping/BIG-Shop/ Birthday parties – Visitors have an option to celebrate their birthday at LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort, they just have to email LEGOLANDs ´ Birthday team who will arrange the customer ´s birthday party. – The Customers do not have any care with party because everything will be prepared by team, therefore they cannot see which system used in arranging of birthday room and an event. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Plan/tickets/Birthday-Parties/ Water play area – There is also a LEGO themed indoor water play area specifically designed for family fun and a life guard for safety. – Swimming pools have to be maintained because of hygiene and safety of visitors therefore maintainers control pH of water and they fill and discharge water in the pools. All of these operations are practiced when visitors are absent. http://www.legoland.co.uk/Hotel-FAQ-Container/Adult-Swimming-Pool/ Internal relations between the main elements and processes in LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort The first step to identify internal relations, we must recognize the essential elements of LEGOLAND ® Windsor Resort. The service management system (Figure 1) will help us to solve this issue. (Normann, R., 2002. Service management: Strategy and leadership in service business. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley, pages 57- 60) Figure 1 – The service management system