Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program Essay

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program - Essay Example The underlying base of account jumped up from this association, which saw the guaranteeing of roughly thirty thousand individuals. In the year 1949, a contract got managed to the organization for the arrangement of doctor’s benefits on the foundation of a not-for-profit gathering. By the beginning of the year, 1955 protection administrations had secured a wide range and guaranteed the take-up of both clinical and home protection benefits all through America. After Greenville, BlueCross repositioned to Columbia in the year 1957. On the beginning of Medicare, which is a government protection administration that thinks about people, enduring different incapacities and senior cultural individuals BlueCross got support selection by clinics. The selection was for the treatment of emergency clinic plan in the principal period of the Medicare specifications. Sanctioning of Medicare Medicaid in the 1960’s saw the determination of BlueCross and BlueShield by the organization to g ive Medicare program. The 1973 Healthcare Maintenance Organization Act escalated advertise rivalry permitting BlueShield to stress more on quality arrangement and responsibility. This prompted the improvement of efficiencies on medicinal services cash expenditure.In the 1970’s the association debuted new advantages for holding down costs. Costs got held somewhere near giving plans that guaranteed the prosperity of the clients was improved. In the next year, the two organizations converged to become one organization.Gapenski (2003) composes that for the second period of the Medicare program.

Truman Capote Essays

Truman Capote Essays Truman Capote Essay Truman Capote Essay fuelling the fire of this announcement Capote couldn't watch Smith be hanged after Hickock, in any event, withdrawing from the structure despondent. As of now no doubt maybe the compassion that Capote ascribed to Smith through his novel was for that of somebody he not just identified with in feeling of second thoughts for an incredible duration, through a feeling of being hard done by every step of the way with the world against them, however possibly as a result of a relationship created through such qualms and sympathetic sentiments that Capote created towards Smith because of absolutely understanding his circumstance and maybe feeling that in another life he could well have been in his exact same position had occasions gone in an unexpected way. From the very beginning of the novel when we initially meet Perry Smith he shapes the focal character of the book. Capote is generally inspired by the direction of Smiths life toward the last, deadly deed, in which he kills the whole mess family with Hickock, and the individuals, occasions, and conditions that shape his course. The issue of whether Smith is denounced from the earliest starting point, or whether maybe, as Willie Jay ,the ministers assistant, accepted, there was something savable about him, is replied by Capote through his incorporation of letters and portrays composed by Smith and other people who knew him, who affirm his horrendous, silly, temper and his yet his torpid affectability. Capote deliberately clarifies that Smith is, as Helen Garson represented in her book Truman Capote, a bizarre, psychopathic blend of awful executioner and caring defender which in itself presents an absolute difference in feelings, activities and characters. The possibility that Smith is this unfeeling executioner yet at the equivalent has an extremely sympathetic side is depicted with inflexible normality by capote with models being the point at which he set a cushion under Kenyons (the Clutter kid) head, in the wake of playing out a definitive sin, a bedding box under Herb Clutters body, and even to some degree boldly tucked Bonnie and Nancy Clutter into their beds in the wake of tying them. Furthermore in the book Garson additionally says how Capote, as storyteller, agrees with the perception of specialists he cites that Smith, in the homicide of Herb Clutter, was doubtlessly demanding retaliation on a key figure in some past horrendous setup., even Perry Smith admits, Maybe its simply that the Clutters were the unfortunate soles who needed to pay for it, the famous it for this situation being the existence that Smith needed to persevere. Smiths want for retribution against his abusers is rendered justifiable as well as worthy. In clearing out the Clutters, Smith is dousing not just the picture and truth of all that he was denied, yet the most good figures in a symbolically affectionate, malignant network. Hickock and Smith initially went to jail for insignificant robbery, a heartbreaking situation that influenced in total the remainder of their lives. The level of Smith and Hickocks detachment is seen when Hickock goes forcefully to hit a canine, rather than basically cruise it by, and when Smith clarifies that he thought Herb Clutter was a not too bad, pleasant man, until the second I cut his throat. Hickock does in actuality improve his trivial criminal conduct, building up an ability for passing terrible checks, bedding wedded ladies, and going in the realm of tolerable mankind, while Smith builds up a conflicting abhorrence for drinking, unpredictable sex, and pointless robbery, despite the fact that he is held with a craving to travel that forestalls his responsibility to anything that may look like h ome or family. When they had tumbled off the nonexclusive, mechanized component of upward versatility toward the american dream, the boundaries to reemergence were too high to even think about scaling once more, and, Capote suggests, not fascinating to Smith and Hickock. In this Capote is to some degree giving the American culture and culture a slamming and utilizing it as a substitute for wrongdoings that many would have seen unpardonable. The American dream says anybody can be anything they want, however very regularly the ones fall by the wayside that are more responsible than ones that arrive at success. In the novel Capote incorporates letters composed by Smiths family, the therapist and become friends with ministers representative, Willie Jay, which detail Smiths whole life and mental state. Smith is seen from these as a human with veritable insight and having a genuine feeling of compassion and social uprightness; anyway after some time it has been twisted into something very undistinguishable through his awful life. To the extent his family life went his mom kicked the bucket of liquor addiction at a youthful age in the wake of stifling on her debilitated, his sibling and sister later ended it all and another of smiths sisters abandoned him, never to need contact again (in any event, when updates on his execution contacts him she shows no genuine sympathy) . Smith never got proper instruction because of moving house normally with his dad, regardless of this he instructed himself to play the guitar and to paint. He frequently read to expand his jargon and was enthused about making a big deal about himself as a youngster. During his childhood he peruses continually and, being somewhat of a prig, maintains a strategic distance from indecent writing and materials. In jail, he paints a representation of Jesus for the jail cleric, which drives Reverend Post to accept that Smith can't be such awful. Capotes relating of Smiths adolescence and family life makes one wonder whether Smiths violations come from inborn criminal inclinations, or whether he is pushed onto that way through conditions outside his ability to control and with this he needs the peruser to identify with Smith, indicating that maybe if the youngster had been managed the time, and childhood he merited then he could have been something essential to the world. This is totally emb arrassed by the way that murder can't be excused, in any case, in the conditions of which Capote paints Smiths childhood it turns out to be always clear and more obvious why precisely it is he feels such compassion toward the man and why he paints him in such a positive light. In the novel minutes before his demise Smith goes to the superintendent and atones, It would be unimportant to apologize for what I did. Indeed, even improper. In any case, I do. I am sorry. This is an unmistakable sign maybe of the man having a soul, in spite of the fact that we see uncommon looks at it careful I think Capote put this in to leave the last inclination before the execution of his preferred character as one of compassion fair and square that he himself felt towards Smith. The possibility that a solidified criminal would apologize and atone is to some degree far-fetched and subsequently the consideration of such a demonstration presents Perry Smith not in the light of a crook yet in virginal blamelessness (at one extraordinary) as it would appear to spectators who knew his entire story (like Capote) that he, regardless of all that he experienced, did in actuality feel blame for his activities and maybe had abandoned life too soon. To repeat, Capote contends, none too unobtrusively, that Smith had impressive potential for a profitable life had he not been manhandled and thrown out for an amazing duration. In noticing his feelings toward Smith, obviously Capote distinguishes and sympathizes with Smith by and by. However, Capotes addressing of the significance and nobility of humble community esteems and needs could be his own furious analysis of the world he himself occupied: a bogus meritocracy wherein his abilities were lacking except if joined by a gnawing, tenacious appeal. Capote delineates the affectation of Smith and Hickocks preliminary and execution with comparative exactness; murder by an individual was ill-conceived, yet murder by the state was an acknowledged, even fundamental methods for fulfilling a feeling of retribution and reestablishing request. The book is toward the day's end an analysis of societys treatment of its youngsters and its reluctance to excuse those beyond satisfactory definition. Capotes depiction of Smith as the casualty of an affected society uncovers his own dismissal of similarity and his relationship with the adversary screw-up. Smiths boss issue, Capote accepts, isn't being a crook, yet endeavoring to change the course set by youth injury and familial maltreatment and oppose the delineation of himself by others. On the off chance that Smith isn't intellectually sick, Capote accepts that he has lacking savage inclinations, similar to everybody, which were taken care of a consistent eating routine by a background marked by mortifying encounters. Capotes lack of interest to the quiet, unsurprising existence of the Clutters underpins his thoughtful depiction of Smith. He doesn't valorise Smith or celebrate the Clutters, however he supports Smiths endeavors to get away from the stock portrayal of difficult, a dolescent reprobate, lastly, profession criminal. He doesn't likewise embrace the Clutters presence: Herb Clutter is a two-dimensional Everyman, symbol of the American dream and the Puritan hard working attitude. To finish up, Capotes ID with Smith exists on a few levels. He sympathizes with Smiths want to get away from his messed up family ancestry, to desert his terrible roots, and to enter and be acknowledged in an alternate social circle. Capote, similar to Smith, originated from a messed up home, had no mother, and yearned for VIP status, or if nothing else to be known. He didn't finish his training, scarcely completing secondary school, while Smith left school after the third grade. Toward an incredible finish, Capote had been accepted into the universe of acclaim and high society, yet it was a bogus universe of famous people where he was just a trophy, popular however minimal, and he was at last removed from it for tattling about them in print. One might say, his VIP appeared to make him considerably increasingly thoughtful to the executioners: for what reason should he, additionally the result of a wrecked home, an untouchable, without total proper instruction, run in such expanded ci rcle

Top Freshman Scholarship Application Available Now - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Top Freshman Scholarship Application Available Now - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Top Freshman Scholarship Application Available Now The Foundation Fellowship Scholarship is the most prestigious undergraduate scholarships at The University of Georgia, if not in the country. The Foundation Fellowship currently provides an annual stipend of $10,780 for in-state students (in addition to the HOPE or Zell Miller Scholarship) and $17,680 for out-of-state students (plus an out-of-state tuition waiver). Much more than financial support, Program membership provides: spring break travel-study programs, a May study abroad program at Oxford in English immediately following the first year, travel-study grants closely related to students academic and professional goals, which can be combined with study overseas for a full semester or academic year, grants to attend research and academic conferences, seminars and book discussions with UGA and visiting professors, and faculty and peer mentoring. To be considered, all applicants must be current high school seniors with clearly superior academic credentials. Minimum requirements include a high school GPA of 3.80 and a minimum combined, super-scored SAT Total score of 2100 or ACT Composite score of 31. The deadline for the application to the Foundation Fellowship and Bernard Ramsey Scholarships Program is November 4. The application process requires that you first apply for UGA admission. The full process is described in detail here. The Fellowship Program is more completely described on the website of the UGA Honors Program, of which it is a part, here. Feel free to email questions to fframsey@uga.edu .

Project management Essay - 1284 Words

Assignment brief – QCF BTEC Assignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title Extended Diploma in Construction the Built Environment Unit 7 Project Management in Construction and the Built Environment Learner name Assessor name B HUCKLE Date issued Hand in deadline Submitted on 8th October 2014 5th November 2014 Assignment title The Construction Team and Resource Management In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. Criteria reference To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: Task no. Evidence†¦show more content†¦This is to ensure that the necessary raw materials and physical resources are available at each stage, and that the workforce on site has the right skills for the scheduled work. The project management team will need to produce a series of planning documents that can be accessed throughout the project. Each member of the project management team must know their role and responsibilities, including which sections of the workforce they will be directly managing. Task 1 This task provides evidence for grading criterion P1. (identify the various stages of the construction process for a low-rise domestic or commercial building) SC Construction has asked you to produce an annotated flow diagram that identifies the different stages of the construction process required to build the nursery. Task 2 Task 2a provides evidence for grading criterion P2 (describe the roles and interrelationships of the members of the building team involved in resource management, planning and production.) Task 2b provides evidence for grading criteria M1 (produce organisational charts to explain the group dynamics of team working.) (a) Describe the roles of the members of the building team and the inter-relationships between the members of the building team that will be involved in the planning, resource management and construction of the nursery. (b) You need to explain the group dynamics of and the inter-relationships between, the differentShow MoreRelatedProject Management : Projects Management902 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Project Management. What does the words Project Management mean and what are the steps to managing a great project. If we break down the two words Project Management it is defined on dictionary.com as â€Å"The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system†. As shown in the website Project Insight there are multiple different steps in the project management roll such as project scope, life cycle, objectives, assumptions, constraintsRead MoreProject Management and Project Management It3115 Words   |  13 PagesExamination Paper: Project Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Project Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of multiple choices questions and short answer type questions. Answer all the questions. Part One questions carry 1 mark each and Part Two questions carry 5 marks each. Part One: Multiple choices: 1. During _________formal tools and techniques were developed to help and manage large complex projects. a. 1950s b. 1980sRead MoreProject Portfolio Management : Project Management1432 Words   |  6 PagesProject Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization’s operational and financial goals ― while honoring constraints imposed by customers, strategicRead MoreProject Management, Project Communication, And Project Stakeholder Management797 Words   |  4 Pagesareas of project management that stood out while taking this program. Project integrated management, project communication, and project stakeholder management. A discussion on how they are executed will be presented. As more courses were taken during this project management graduate program, many of the project management concepts became clear and revealed more of the interdependencies and intricate dynamics that are required for successful project management. Stakeholder Management Project StakeholderRead MoreProject Management : Project Integration Management1236 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Direct and Manage Project Execution is the process for executing the work defined in the project management plan to achieve the project s requirements/objectives defined in the project scope statement† (comp. PMBOK3, p. 78). The Project Manager helps with the execution of the planned activities, sometimes with the assistance of a project management team for larger projects. This occurs during the execution phase of the project. Figure: Phases of a project When we are completing the work assignedRead MoreProject Management Msc. 7Pjmn009W Project Management Project.1391 Words   |  6 Pages Project Management MSc 7PJMN009W Project Management Project Author: Maria Chico Garrido Date: 06 March 2017 Version: 1.1 Project type: Academic Preferred Supervisor: Proposed Title: How does the use of formal project management methodologies in complex Home Automation projects contribute to project success? Main Deliverables/Milestones: Deliverable Date Project Mandate 09 March 2017 Project Brief: In depth literature review of formal project management methodologies and project success. BackgroundRead MoreProject Management1510 Words   |  7 PagesSystem. You are the project manager on a project to construct a flyover in the city to ease traffic congestion. Flyover construction should cause minimum disruption to the traffic until it is complete. Ensuring safety of the commuters and workers at the site is the responsibility of your company. The date of completion of the project is six months from now. This date cannot be extended because of an upcoming international summit in the city. To achieve the overall project time lines, the followingRead MoreProject Management Project And Change Management1940 Words   |  8 Pages Paper on project management in smart voice project Sohail Kamdar Project and change management Table of contents Name of the topic Page No. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4-5 View point of project management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Outlook of the project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 Milestone inventory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6-7 WBS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Plan of project management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-9 Cost savings plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreProject Management1713 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management The Project Manager has some tasks that have to be carried out, he/she is responsible for the full project. The Project Manager has to make the best use of all the resources so the project can be completed successfully. The project Manager sets the boundaries for the project, such as schedules and what is done and when it has to be completed. There are various tasks the project manager is responsible for such as: 1) Time and resource allocation and management 2) Setting upRead MoreProject Management1015 Words   |  5 Pagesor renewed interest in the field of project management? IT is growing at a rapid rate and with that growth demands people to manage this growth. People I think are more trained to be project managers and also there is new software that helps tremendously with the management part of the tasks. So demand is up, skilled workers are up, and the cost benefit is there for this renewed interest. 2. What is a project, and what are its main attributes? How is a project different from what most people do

Modern Slavery Human Trafficking Essay - 1348 Words

Index: Human trafficking is modern slavery. Human trafficking is a serious problem but affects our home, Las Vegas the most. It’s such a problem, because people fail to recognize it, and don’t understand the severity of the crime. Human trafficking is where children, teens, and adults are prostituted for money. Some are forced to have sex. Human trafficking occurs all over the world, but its effect in Nevada is devastating. There have been 2,229 victims of human trafficking that have been saved since 1994. There are currently 27 million victims world wide, according to the Polaris Project. Human trafficking has become a big business world wide. Human trafficking is a crime, but it is also very hard to track. One problem that appears†¦show more content†¦Hookers for Jesus is a non-profit and they raise awareness to the metal and physical effects of prostitution, sex trafficking, and exploitation. Their main mission is to reach out, give hope, heal, and help those affected by sex trafficking and the sex industry. Exploitations Scar: Physical Damage: Exploitation can leave physical damage, such as bruises, scars, and broken bones Mental Damage: Women are told they are loved then their pimps turn on them and tell them they will only love them if they bring them money. Sexual Damage: After being prostituted many women are left with numerous STDs that will affect them for the rest of their lives. Value of Human Trafficking: 8.5 Billion Local 32 Billion World Wide Money Earned from Girls: 25,000 Weekely Local 67,200 World Wide Victims: 24,000 Local 21 Million World Wide Indicators: Trafficking victims are usually transported from place to place in public. But, since Human Trafficking is so difficult to identify, it’s usually hidden right in front of us. Most people would think, why not just call for help out in public? Most of the time, while victims are out in public, they are under tight watch ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is The Modern Slavery1415 Words   |  6 Pages When forced into sex trafficking statistics state that 67 percent of prisoners are forced into labor, 55 percent are women and girls, and 26 percent are children that endure the conditions and harshness of this generation s modern slavery. Human trafficking is the modern slavery throughout the globe and 27,000 cases have been reported to the NHTRC hotline in the last eight years alone (Human Trafficking). Human trafficking is of all ages, all genders, and anyone can be forced into the labor. ThereRead MoreModern Slavery : Human Trafficking1204 Words   |  5 PagesOur nation has had many encounters with the world’s most horrifying phenomenon, modern slavery, also known as human trafficking. Modern slavery consists of people being taken away by force or unknowingly of the situation to become exploited in many ways no matter the age, ethnicity, or color of the skin (DEF). Not only has it become a disgusting wicked disease but, it has taken over the country’s freedom. We as people living in the United States are guaranteed â€Å"freedom†, which isn’t true in the absoluteRead MoreHuman Trafficking, the Modern Slavery1034 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Perspectives Essay #2 Human Trafficking Causes and Effects Human Trafficking, The Modern Slavery Introduction Human trafficking is a big problem all around the world. Every year, thousands of men, women and children are kidnapped by traffickers, and forced into sexual exploitation and slavery. In this essay, I will talk about the causes of human trafficking and what effects it has on the victims, families, and society. Causes The cause of human trafficking is mainly the organizedRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Form Of Modern Slavery906 Words   |  4 Pages Human Trafficking Have you ever heard about human trafficking? Some people would say that human trafficking is no more in this world because now everyone become educated they themselves became victim. Others would say that human trafficking is illegal business, human being sale human being. Even I did not believe that human trafficking was here in the United States, but human trafficking was all over the world. â€Å"Trafficking in human beings is a dressing phenomenonRead MoreModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every yearRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1244 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millionsRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The Post Modern Slavery?1353 Words   |  6 PagesName: Lara Kochenborger Professor: LaChe Pool Subject: English Date: February 19, 2016 Human Trafficking: The Post-Modern Slavery? Introduction: Human trafficking, being such a hideous crime, that privates people from their right to freedom, is not only largely hidden, but the victims are also often forgotten; could be extinguished if the problem received more attention by the authorities. Being a crime that exists since the beginning of the times, we should expect to see more actionRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of criminal justice, and is known as the modern day slavery. This paper will also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. ThisRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Modern Day Slavery Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking There is an ever growing problem that is coursing the world. Every day 3,287 people are sold or kidnapped, and are forced into slavery. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) Most people do not realize that modern-day slavery happens closer to home than they think. 14,000-17,500 is the estimated number of people trafficked into the United States each year. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) The government has tried to reduce this problem as well as everyday peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Form Of Slavery2527 Words   |  11 Pages Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal industries that take advantage of victims through slavery, organ trade, sexual exploitation and forced labor. Usually a victim is legally transferred to another country so that the people of this crime are benefited financially. Human Trafficking has become a modern form of slavery. When people hears the word ‘slavery,’ it is a harsh reality for many people who find s themselves bought and sold like objects, and treated with no dignity. Human Trafficking

The Nuremberg Trials Free Essays

A brief look at the Nuremberg Trials and some of the people involved. It steps upon the problems leading to the start of the trials including three of the doctors, three of the experiments performed on prisoners, and the judgment of three people involved with carrying out the vulgar experiments. Also included are three people who decided to commit suicide instead of facing certain death after going before a jury. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nuremberg Trials or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three people who committed suicide were also three of the biggest people involved in building the Nazi party in Germany and its surrounding areas. The Nuremberg Trials, a glimpse into the Nazis’ that committed crimes during WWII, exposes the lives destroyed, and the precedents set forth from this new category of crime, the war criminal. (Brown, 1995) The trials included 24 major political and military leaders who committed crimes against humanity and war crimes, (Congress, 2009) and did so without remorse or emotion for what their victims were going through. It was not until 1945 when the trials began that the full extent of what was truly taking place in the concentration camps and in the extermination camps (death camps) were revealed. The truth about medical experiments, atrocities, crimes against humanity, and membership in a criminal organization were grounds for the Nuremberg trials to commence and would become the precedents for all war crimes that would follow. (Congress, 2009) War crimes are defined as violations of the laws in which a person’s given rights are compromised. In broadest terms, a war crime is any act of violence by military personnel that exceeds the rules of war. To an extent, the concentration camps were guilty of all violations listed above and it was because of the crimes committed by the leaders in the camps that the Nuremberg trials became a necessity in order to make an example out of the people who committed the crimes. An argument that can be made about the Nuremberg trials is the fact that the crimes against humanity were made, but there was no precedent for war crimes before these trials started. It wasn’t until after the trials that the term crimes against humanity and war crimes became standard in the practice of law in all types of war entanglements. The International Military Tribunal (IMT) consisted of four allied powers including: Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States and were responsible for the outcome of every person being tried in the Nuremberg trials. (Cowell, 1995) â€Å"The lasting contribution of Nuremberg was to make individuals responsible,† for their genocidal contributions to the war. (Cowell, 1995) By the end of the Nuremberg trials in 1946, there were 12 people convicted and sentenced to death, three were acquitted, and seven were sentenced to prison terms of 10 years to life. Unfortunately, Hitler, Goebbels, and Himmler committed suicide before they could be tried for the crimes they committed. Adolf Hitler was appointed the chancellor of the Nazi party in 1933 and oversaw the murder of over 17 million civilians with an estimated six million Jews in what is known as the Holocaust, but Hitler took his life just days before the allied forces took Germany by force. (Farmer, 2007) Paul Joseph Goebbels was one of Hitler’s closest associates and took over the position of Chancellor of Germany for just one day after Hitler committed suicide. Goebbels committed suicide just a day before Germany was taken by allied forces. It was not until after Goebbels and his wife took their six children’s lives that they finally took their own lives. (Reich, 2009) Heinrich Himmler was the head of the Gestapo and the organizer of the mass murders of Jews in the extermination camps during Hitler’s reign and took poison to commit suicide after he was discovered wearing a disguise and fell into British hands after escaping capture in Germany. These are just a few key people in the genocide that happened in Germany during WWII and they decided to commit suicide rather than be prosecuted for the lives they destroyed. A few of the people involved in the Nuremberg trials included: Karl Brandt, Erhard Milch, and Oswald Pohl. Karl Brandt was the personal physician to Adolf Hitler and the commissioner for health and sanitation and was also the chief medical official of the German government during WWII. Brandt contributed to the experiments being performed on the inmates in the concentration camps and was sentenced to death and executed. Erhard Milch was a member of the Central Planning Board and had full power over the schedule that controlled the production and development of materials by forced labor during the war. He also assisted in the experiments being performed at the Dachau concentration camp in which high altitude and freezing experiments were conducted. (Congress, 2009) In the end, â€Å"Milch was acquitted of the charges concerning medical experiments and found guilty of charges concerning slave labor,† and sentenced to life in prison but was shortened to 15 years in 1951. Oswald Pohl was chief of the SS Wirtschafts und Verwaltungshauptamt (WVHA; Economic and Administrative Main Office) which took the place of several offices including Budget and Buildings and the Inspector of Concentration Camps. (College, 2003) In the end, Pohl received the death penalty for his involvement in the transportation of prisoners, murder, medical experiments, and his involvement in the mass executions of mostly Jews and other civilians. There were a couple of places in which the mass executions took place which included both concentration camps and extermination camps that were familiar with Hitler and the objectives he wanted to achieve during his reign during WWII. The camps included Auschwitz and Dachau which were places where experiments and death took place. Auschwitz was the place that mass murder became a daily routine after an experimental gassing was conducted in September of 1941 where 850 malnourished and ill prisoners entered gas chambers and never escaped the anguish they felt as they took their last breaths. Bulow, 2009) Dachau was another concentration camp where prisoners were mistreated and is more known for the brutal experiments that took place than executions in mass quantities like in Auschwitz. Just a few experiments that took place at the Dachau concentration camp that were brought out more clearly in the Nuremberg trials included: high altitude experiments, freezing experiments, and malaria e xperiments. (Congress, 2009) High altitude experiments were performed to test the limits of human endurance at high altitudes. The tests were performed in low pressure chambers where the pressure of 68,000 feet could be duplicated and measures, many died from this procedure and others suffered grave injury and ill treatment. The freezing experiments involved placing the subject in a tank of ice water for up to three hours without cloths or the victims were placed outside in freezing temperatures also without cloths to test the effects. After the victims were removed from the water or brought in from the cold, various methods of warming the victims up were tried, but the outcome was either death or the victims suffered severe pain and disability. The malaria experiment involved infecting healthy concentration camps with malaria bearing mosquitoes or by injecting the disease into victims from the mucous of the glands of mosquitoes. Most of the test subjects died or suffered from severe pain or disability. (Congress, 2009) In the end, the Nuremberg trials were justified because of the ways in which the Nazis’ treated the prisoners they turned into victims through the use of force and through sheer neglect. No man or woman should ever have had to endure what the prisoners of war during WWII endured. It was unconscionable what happened behind closed doors and the walls keeping the Nazis’ in control, but because of the Nuremberg trials, the truth came to be known about how relentless the Nazis’ were towards human life. A question is always asked in history classes, why does history need to be taught, and the answer is always: in order to avoid repeating the mistakes from the past. This was one of the worst times in history, and this paper is just a short excerpt to all the turmoil associated with Hitler’s ideals of the perfect world. References http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Nuremberg_trials.html http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/nuremberg.html http://law.jrank.org/pages/2311/War-Crimes.html How to cite The Nuremberg Trials, Essay examples The Nuremberg Trials Free Essays Professor Henry King (2003) declared that, â€Å"there is no greater challenge currently confronting the international community than that of defining the scope of international human rights.† And rightly so, as we observe the present day atrocities committed all over the world as well as how the progression of international law has developed systems to adjudicate on these controversial matters. One of the most pioneering landmark cases in international law is the Nuremberg War Trials. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nuremberg Trials or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with its significance, perhaps, it is also one of the most debatable. Judge Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr. (1946) wrote: â€Å"to those who support the trial it promises the first effective recognition of a world law for the punishment of malefactors who start wars or conduct them in bestial fashion† (p.66). On the other hand, Wyzanski argues that, â€Å"to the adverse critics the trial appears in many aspects a negation of principles which they regard as the heart of any system of justice under law.† Such a chasm in opinion created several theoretically relevant points in analyzing the history of international criminal law. It is often said that history is written by the victors. The United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France, victors of the 1939-1945 World War II, organized these trials to implead the Nazi leaders for â€Å"aggressive acts and war crimes.† About six million Jews and nearly five million other Europeans were murdered en masse in a phenomenon called the Holocaust. This is often benchmarked by international organizations as one of the first acts of genocide. This paper aims to:   discuss the international crimes indicted in the Nuremberg Trials, describe the judgment passed on the Nazi defendants, present opposing views and controversies on the matter, and analyze the significance of the Nuremberg Trials in comparison to the current criminal justice system. Nuremberg Tribunal On August 8, 1945, the representatives of the four Allied powers formally adopted The Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of Major War Criminals of the European Axis, and Establishing the Charter of the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Two months after, this Agreement and the IMT Charter became the legal basis for the indictment of the Nazi leaders on the four counts discussed below. Nuremberg Principles: the Four Counts of Indictment Four Counts of Indictment were the basis of the charge against the Nationalsozialistische Deitsche Arbeiterpartei (Nazi party) leadership by the International Military Tribunal. These Counts include: conspiracy to commit aggressive war, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Critics of the Nuremberg Trials maintain that these Counts were in the nature of an ex post facto law, or one that was not a criminal act when it was first committed, yet became punishable later on by statute or legislation (Wyzanski, 1946). After all, one of the most elementary legal principles is one that holds: nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege — there is no crime where there is no law punishing such. Supporters of the Nuremberg Trials contend that international law, natural law and civil law jurisdictions adhere to the agreements between states and are compelled to adopt the internationally recognized standards, including the doctrines enshrined in the Nuremberg Trials. Count 1: Conspiracy Conspiracy, commonly stated as, â€Å"the act of one is the act of all,† or the collusion of two or more people in the commission of an offense, was established as an additional and separate substantive offense from Counts One to Three. To assert conspiracy is to define that there is a wrong done when, acting together for an unlawful end, he who joins in that action incurs liability not only for the act planned, or participated in, or could reasonably be foreseen to happen, but also for every single act that his co-conspirators committed. For instance, Julius Streicher was found guilty by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg for direct incitement and encouraging the commission of war crimes in the following: â€Å"†¦a punitive expedition must come against the Jews in Russia. A punitive expedition which will provide the same fate for them that every murderer and criminal must expect. Death sentence and execution. The Jews in Russia must be killed. They must be exterminated root and branch (Schabas, 2000, p. 278-279).† Wyzanski (1946) asks: â€Å"what is the basis for asserting such a broad and substantive crime in international law? Aside from the notion being new, is it not fundamentally unjust?† He reasons that a trial, when used as propaganda, is to debase justice. This is one of the strongest arguments posited by the critics of the Nuremberg Trials. Count 2: Crimes Against Peace Germany was a party to nine international treaties that condemn the plotting and waging of wars of aggression (the type where a state is the instigator of the war, and not merely in defense of national security). The Geneva protocol declared wars of aggression as international crimes — not merely uncivilized ways of waging war but also the waging in any way of uncivilized wars (Wyzanski, 1946). Count 3: War Crimes War crimes are in violation of the rules on warfare defined in international conventions, to which Germany was a party. This systematic course of conduct toward both civilians and combatants, excessive destruction of territories, with clear knowledge of the defendants, was deemed to be punishable, according to the 1946 article by Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr. It is aggression itself that was criminalized. This Count was the most criticized for being retroactive legislation since the history of warfare has not absolved the organizers of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal from their own acts of warfare in their respective colonies. The Allied Forces (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France) were also known for committing war time atrocities in their own jurisdictions but critics point out that only the Nazis were held to account for their wartime liabilities. Other aggressive wars prior to World War II were not punished by international tribunals prior to the one constituted at Nuremberg. Count 4: Crimes against Humanity The horrors of Auschwitz and other parts of Germany and Europe where Jews, Poles and Gypsies were massacred in cold blood were defined as crimes against humanity, as described in the opening address to the Nuremberg Trials by US Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson (King, 2003). Despite the innocence of the civilians, they were subject to various atrocities ordered by the Nazi leadership: deliberate and systematic genocide of racial and national groups of certain occupied territories, as charged in the case of France et al. v. Goering et al., 22 IMT 203 (1946) as cited by William Schabas (pp. 37-38). Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal, enumerated the crimes falling under the definition of â€Å"crimes against humanity† submitted by the American delegation to the Charter of the International Military Tribunal that heard the Nuremberg Trials (Schabas, 2000, p.36). Nuremberg Judgment Nazi defendants Bormann, Goering, von Ribbentrop, and Jodl among others, were sentenced to death by hanging. On October 16, 1946, ten of them were hanged while Goering committed suicide. Bormann was tried in absentia prior to that while Hess, Doenitz, and five others were awarded ten years to life imprisonment in Spandau Prison, Berlin. 185 defendants were tried subsequently by US judges, including Nazi Party officials, judges, business executives, and doctors. Biographical Sketch From November 20, 1945 until October 1, 1946, the Nuremberg Palace of Justice in Nuremberg City, Germany became the host of a series of trials fraught with contentious debates. These trials before the International Military Tribunal adjudicated on war crimes. The most prominent was the first trial which prosecuted 24 of the top Nazi Germany (Nationalsozialistische Deitsche Arbeiterpartei) leadership in the realms of politics, economy and military. Of the 23 were originally charged, 12 were meted out death sentences but only 10 were imposed. Even organizations involved fell under the penumbra of these war crimes (Wyzanski, 1964). Applicable Historical Theory Historical theories birthed by the Nuremberg trials include international law concepts, the formation of a tribunal, and responses to the defenses invoked by the accused. United Nations member States adopted the four counts of indictment as definitions of internationally punishable acts. These theories were further codified in the Charter of the IMT which acquired jurisdiction over States that ratified the Agreement. Some defenses rooted in customary law were raised: head of State immunity; superior orders; and tu quoque (the adversary committed similar atrocities). Of these, the IMT at Nuremberg denied the defense of head of State immunity because it was formally provided in the Charter that â€Å"constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals† are liable. The defense of superior orders was also excluded by the IMT to dispel ambiguities. The Nuremberg Trials underscored the moral duty of citizens to disobey inhumane orders that contravene natural law principles of justice. However, the defense of tu quoque was glossed over at Nuremberg since the World War II behavior of the Allied powers would render the legal justifications of the IMT vulnerable to attack (Schabas, 2000, pp. 314-342). Historical Theory In Comparison to Our Current Criminal Justice System The United Nations General Assembly Economic and Social Council created an ad hoc committee to draft a convention on the crime of genocide. In this convention, they resolved to formulate Nuremberg Principles into the provisions. Several UN member States raised the ideological angle in linking genocide to â€Å"race theories† like Fascism-Nazism. Thus, the Nuremberg principles were adopted in the preamble, by its analogy to punishing war criminals for similar acts of genocide (Schabas, 2000, p. 62-64). Before the April 1994 genocide in Rwanda, the hate-mongering Radio Mille Collines was broadcasting messages to incite the population to commit massacres of the Tutsi   and some Hutu civilians (Schabas, 2000, p.279). There is a chilling similarity to the situation of Nazi Germany where the Nuremberg court found such direct incitement punishable for direct incitement of acts of genocide, hatred, and violence which led to the Jewish Holocaust, among others. The criminal justice system of today and that of the Nuremberg era are both united in recognizing the criminal nature of hate propaganda and adopting measures to curb incitements to violence by adjudicating against the perpetrators. The US war on Iraq also raises delicate issues that can be attributable to the Nuremberg precedent. The historical theories and defenses raised would pose a strong ideological challenge to the criminality of certain acts that States commit against other States in the guise of protecting national security and the hegemonic concepts of development. While the US-Iraq war is said to be a fluid legal arena, the IMT of Nuremberg may have much to say on the matter. Conclusion Sixty two years ago until the present, the precedent set by the Nuremberg Trials is still being used as the rallying point for other analogous crimes. The four counts of indictment were codified into a formal Agreement along with the Charter for the IMT. Defenses normally recognized under customary law were denied by express provision of the Charter. Although the criminalization of these counts was still imperfect, provoking legal contentions even, the millions of lives lost during the war deserve the chance to have the scales of justice tilted in their favor. Through the constantly evolving international legal theories, one can only hope that humanity would be able to devise ways to put an end to the abject horror of war. References Schabas, W. (2000). Genocide in International Law: The Crimes of Crimes. Cambridge:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cambridge University Press. King, Henry. (2003, May 1). Robert Jackson and International Human Rights. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 20, 2007, from http://www.roberthjackson.org/Man/theman2-6-6/ Wyzanski, C. E., Jr. (1946, April). Nuremberg–A Fair Trial? Dangerous Precedent. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 177, No. 4, 66-70. How to cite The Nuremberg Trials, Essay examples

Improving Nurses Compliance with Standard Precautions OfInfection

Question: Discuss about the Improving Nurses' Compliance with Standard Precautions Of Infection? Answer: The term psychosocial refers to the effect of one's social environment on mental health. The behaviour associated with agreement on rules for infection control and prevention depends on a person's ability to understand its importance and it is affected by the social perspective of how it can ensure the safety of those associated with the procedure. Unrealistic optimism is a cognitive bias that triggers a belief in a person that they are less likely to experience an infection as compared to other individuals. Brain imaging studies of the prefrontal cortex have shown that optimism bias that prompts an individual towards negative behaviour that there exists a selective failure regarding updates and reduced neural coding of information that is undesirable about a future outcome (Sharot, 2011). Behaviour that chooses risky options are therefore more likely to occur in individuals who process information available to them in a less rational manner. The extent which an individual can control the risk of contracting or spreading an infection depends on the health locus of control. An understanding of behavioural sciences may help reduce the spread of nosocomial infections by helping health workers to adhere to regulations regarding disinfection and procedures such as hand washing. Studies show that during patient care hospital associated infections occur due to cross-contamination that occurs due to non-adherence to safe practices. A study at a hospital in Birmingham found that compliance with infection control procedures was lower among doctors than nurses(Stein, 2003). Yet another study found that Universal Precautions taken by nurses in a Hong Kong hospital were inadequate. (Chan, 2002). Shaping cognitive determinants through social, behavioural corrections can be made through evaluation of health locus of control of healthcare professionals (Pittet, 2004). 1. Before I commenced my programme of education, washing hands, disposal of waste, and disinfecting surfaces was carried out as per the awareness of a lay person that I was taught at home. And I have to admit that the extent of cleanliness that I could adhere to as a child, I seldom adhered to all the rules at all times. My usual excuse was that I was always in a hurry. Having learnt about cross contamination and the dangers that non-adherence can expose a person and to those in one's care are well understood. The spread of multidrug- resistant bacterial infections and viruses such as HIV make me adhere to the rules at all times. There is a considerable difference in my understanding of infection control and the measures required. Earlier I lived and worked in settings that posed fewer risks as compared to a hospital where the risks are much higher and so is the need to adhere to practices that minimize infection risks. A study that evaluated found that the presence of peers increased compliance with hand washing. Out of a total of 47,694 opportunities of hand washing, when health workers were alone the compliance was 20.85% which increased to 27.90% in the presence of one or more peers. (Monsalve, 2014). Only training without behavioural inputs does not improve compliance among nurses (Whitby, 2006). A review of nurses' compliance with infection control found that it was 40% across several studies (Erasmus, 2011). Minimal handling and clustering of nursing procedures showed improvement in compliance in a neo-natal intensive care facility (Lam, 2004). According to the theory of reasoned action, an individual believes that compliance with a particular behaviour will lead to favourable outcomes and, therefore, there is an increased likelihood to perform the behaviour. In an experiment, it was found that when educational intervention was made, it led to differences in nurse compliance (Creedon, 2006). Educational and training interventions improved compliance of nurses with infection control procedures (Adly, 2014). It may not always be possible for me to adhere to standard procedures for infection control. But discussing the issue with peers, performing procedures without thinking, a necessity of performing procedures get reinforced with educational inputs. When there is a lack of time, I may try to use a hand rub, depending on the condition of patient contact and the length of patient contact. A lack of time as the main reason for non-compliance with steps required for infection control among health professionals. But the fact that it can expose patients and co-workers and the health worker to risks of hospital acquired infections which may be life-threatening or increase the duration of patient's stay in hospital means that no reason for non-compliance should be acceptable. In spite of work pressures and working in a time constrained manner safety precautions cannot be given a miss during procedures. Whether it is hand washing, surface disinfection of skin or hospital surfaces maximum commitment to adherence to good practices should be the objective of every health professional. Training programmes and educational content about exposure to risks due to non-compliance should be a regularly given. Discussions about the importance of compliance amongst health workers on a regular basis promote hand disinfection. Time flies but managing a given task in the available time is important. In particular, hospitals and community health centres have an added responsibility to work in the given time because we are dealing with human lives. Any shortfall in compliance is likely to cause human suffering either to ourselves or the patients. So the excuse of not having time is unreasonable. The responsibility of not allowing cross contamination lies with the health care worker. The risk of hospital-acquired infections can jeopardize the lives of patients, colleagues and visitors to the hospital. The biomedical model of medicine continues to be the dominant model in medical sciences. It follows the classical approach or the factor-analytic approach usually employed by the scientific community in the West. (Engel, 1980); (Domenech., 2011). Training based on just the biomedical model causes the establishment of beliefs and attitudes that are likely to be less effective for the patient's treatment. But when training includes a biopsychosocial model, the beliefs and attitudes of the healthcare professionals undergo a radical change(Engel, 1980). When adopting biomedical approach the health professionals are more likely to dehumanise the patient whereas a biopsychosocial approach, helps them to treat the patient as a person and include the physical, mental and social aspects of the patient's personality. As per the biomedical approach, only the body of the patient receives treatment, and the treatment remains rather non-holistic in kind. The adherence to practices of infection con trol are much better when using the biopsychosocial approach; there is a minimum risk of cross contamination and transfer of infectious agents. The patient's treatment gets personalised, and the thoughts, wishes, preferences of the patient receive attention from the staff. The levels of social and mental suffering of the patient get addressed. Patients receive treatment from physical and physiological perspectives. According to the biomedical model the patient's economic, social and psychological concerns need to be addressed (Elliot, 2009). Training in the biopsychosocial approach to infection control makes the health professional responsible towards the patient. It becomes necessary to take responsibility for one's health and adherence to the practices that cause minimal contamination and transfer of infectious agents from one surface to another gain paramount importance. When not following standard protocols, the professional knows that the health consequences for colleagues, patients and the society will be substantial. The patient may have more knowledge about infection control and may advise the healthcare worker to follow standards of precaution or remind about hand washing protocols. The case of a psychologist who stated, I have no need to wash my hands. I do not touch my clients - this appears to be a case of unrealistic optimism where the psychologist has a bias towards a practice and refuses to wash hands due to minimal contact with the patient. What the mental health professional has chosen to ignore is that the environment of the hospital has several points of contact other than the patient from where infection could spread. Door handles, washrooms, taps, furniture surfaces, and others. The belief that the practice of not washing hands is safe and does not pose a risk to oneself, or the patient is misguided. Even if something happens, there is little chance that anyone will find out and this encourages a callous attitude. An internal locus of control and person-centred approach will prompt the doctor to practice hand hygiene and promote it among peers. Scenario 2 - A practitioner who believes they only need to use hand gel to cleanse their hands for the whole of their working period. A psychosocial approach will help such a practitioner to practice the hand washing protocol and not depend entirely on using on a hand gel for cleansing because of the need to be a role model in the presence of junior colleagues and patients. Because the patient believes that you know what is best for prevention of infection and they may even imitate your behaviour. Because hand washing is the most basic component of preventing health care-associated infections, it is important to think rationally and avoid putting patients and oneself to risk (Mathur, 2011). Some suffer from dissonance based irrational belief that they are not at risk. A biopsychosocial approach would prompt the doctor to adopt a responsible and ethical approach to hand disinfection. Inability to follow standard procedures for infection control is one of the main reasons for the spread of nosocomial infections. I have observed several occasions when health care workers fail to adhere to practices for containing the spread of infections. The reasons for non- compliance are varied and many. On most occasions the reason cited is - lack of time. On many occasions there is the belief that even if something happens no one will ever find out. What people forget is that they are not immune to many of the pathogens that they are transferring through unsafe practices. They may be exposing their family and friends to risk. There are occasions when those working with patients are themselves suffering from an infectious illness, and they may come to the work place, exposing the patients to the danger of avoidable diseases. Vaccination of nurses with influenza vaccine has been adopted s a preventive strategy (Jackowska , 2015). But the fact that many doctors are responsible role models and set a standard for the health care staff to follow. Peers also affect the behaviour of colleagues. Compliance and adherence to standard norms for infection control are better when working in a group. Regular educational interventions play a role in helping to achieve compliance with standard procedures for infection control. These interventions could be in the form of lectures, pamphlets, posters and handouts. The sense of responsibility towards oneself, family, peers, patients and colleagues can help in increasing compliance and fight the menace of hospital acquired infections. An increased awareness in health and social care settings will lead to enhanced compliance with infection control. References Adly, R.M., Amin, F.M. Aziz, M.A.A.E., 2014. Improving Nurses' Compliance with Standard Precautions ofInfection Control in Pediatric Critical Care Units. World journal of nursing sciences, Volume 3, pp. 1-9. Chan, R. , Molasiottis, A., Eunice, C., Virene, C., Becky, H., Chit-ying, L., Frances, S., Pauling, L., Ivy, Y., 2002. Nurses knowledge of and compliance with universal precautions in an acute care hospital. International journal of nursing studies, 39(2), p. 157163. Creedon, S., 2006. Infection control: behavioural issues for healthcare workers. Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 11(4), pp. 316-325. Domenech., J., 2011. Impact of biomedical and biopsychosocial training sessions on the attitudes,beliefs, and recommendations of health care providers about low back pain:A randomised clinical tria. Pain, Volume 152, pp. 2557-2563. Elliot, P., 2009. Infection Control: A Psychosocial Approach to Changing Practice. s.l.:Radcliffe Publishing. Engel, G. L., 1980. The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. The American journal of Psychiatry, 137(5), pp. 535-544. Erasmus, V. D. T. B. H. R. J. B. M., 2011. Systematic Review of Studies on Compliance with Hand Hygiene. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, Volume 31, pp. 283-294. Jackowska T, P. K., 2015. Prevention of nosocomial infections in the pediatric ward - own experiences. Developmental period medicine, 19(2), pp. 225-34.. Lam, B. L. J. . L. Y., 2004. Hand Hygiene Practices in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Multimodal Intervention and Impact on Nosocomial Infection. Paediatrics, 114(5). Mathur, P., 2011. Hand hygiene: Back to the basics of infection control. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 134(5), p. 611620.. Monsalve M.N., Pemmaraju, S.V., Thomas, G.W., Herman, T., Segre, A.M., Polgreen, E., 2014. Do peer effects improve hand hygiene adherence among healthcare workers?. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35(10), pp. 1277-85. Pittet, D., 2004. The Lowbury lecture: behaviour in infection control. Journal of Hospital Infection , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , 1 - 13, 58(1), pp. 1-13. Sharot, T., Korn, C.W. Dolan, R.J., 2011. Unrealistic optimism is cognitive bias that triggers a belief in a person that they are less likely to experience an infection as compared to other individuals.. Nature Neuroscience, Volume 14, p. 14751479. Stein, A.D., Makarawo, T.P. . Ahmed, M.F.R., 2003. A survey of doctors' and nurses' knowledge, attitudes and compliance with infection control guidelines in Birmingham teaching hospitals. Journal of hospital infection, 54(1), p. 6873. Whitby, M. M., McLaws, M.-. L. . Ross, M.W., 2006. Why Healthcare Workers Dont Wash Their Hands:A Behavioral Explanation. infection control and hospital epidemiology, 27(5), pp. 484-492.